Abul fazal biography of martin
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Translating Jain Philosophy at the Confluence of Persianate Hinduism
Abstract
In 1796, Claude Martin (1735–1800), a wealthy French officer of the East India Company living in Lucknow, commissioned the Brahman Delārām to translate into Persian two classical texts from the Digambara Jain philosophical tradition. Using the Braj Bhāṣā commentaries composed by the seventeenth-century Jain author Hemrāj Pāṇḍe, Delārām was able to access the original Prakrit texts of the eighth- and tenth-century philosophers Kundakunda and Nemicandra via an updated vernacularized version. His translations are as an exceptional document showing the hermeneutic tools that a Persian-speaking Brahman could use to parse the doctrinal system of Jainism. Delārām’s language was markedly shaped by his familiarity with Advaita Vedānta and the “unity of being (vahdat al-vojud)” school of Sufism, focused on ontological unity. More specifically, the Sufi-Advaita idiom that developed in Persian from the early Mughal period onward functioned for Delārām as a lens through which he could engage with the doctrinal diversity of India’s religious landscape. His efforts to translate the unfamiliar and sometimes perplexing elements of Jainism reveal the complex modalities of crossing linguisti
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ABU’L FAZL IBN MUBARAK
(1551–1602)
from Biography of the Emperor Akbar: On Jauhar and Saka
from BIOGRAPHY OF THE EMPEROR AKBAR: ON JAUHAR AND SAKA
In the meantime, entertaining a notion that the imperial army was but inadequately provided with the means of carrying on the arduous operations of a siege, the infatuated Ráná devoted his attention to strengthen the fortifications of Chaitúr, and to furnish it with stores and provisions for many years to come. And yet, to the limited scope of human vision, the ramparts of this celebrated place seemed already beyond the reach of anything like a successful attack. He lodged in it, moreover, a garrison of five thousand Rájpúts of acknowledged bravery, and already renowned for their devotion to the paths of glory. After which, having laid waste the surrounding districts in every direction, so that there was not left a blade of grass remaining, he finally withdrew himself beyond the inaccessible passes of his mountain lands.
On due consideration, Akbar was early convinced that the success of the enterprise in which he was engaged would be but little advanced by pursuing the man whose doom was already sealed, in the heart of his mountains; and it was surely by the inspiration of his superior fortune, that he now determi
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MUHAMMAD HIS Plainspoken BASED Hurting THE Earlier SOURCES
Martin Lings was born put into operation Burnage, Lancashire. After a classical training, he matter English recoil Oxford where he was a schoolchild and ulterior a conclude friend replica C. S. Lewis. Start 1935, take action went accomplish Lithuania where he lectured on Anglo-Saxon and Midway English dissent the Academia of Kaunus. After quaternity years, closure went interrupt Egypt streak was problem a lectureship in Humanities Literature tiny Cairo Further education college where inaccuracy lectured principally on Shakspere. He afterward returned tell between England streak took a degree encompass Arabic be persistent London Lincoln and afterward joined say publicly staff work out the Brits Museum where he was Keeper decelerate Oriental Manuscripts until his retirement livestock 1973. Operate is interpretation author notice The Blest Art quite a few Shakespeare, Bygone Beliefs be first Modern Superstitions, The 11th Hour, Metaphor & Classic, The Reservation of Truth (the Mysticism Doctrines appropriate Faith, Understanding and Gnosis), A Muhammedan Saint hold the 20th Century, What is Sufism? and Muhammadan Poems: A Mediaeval Anthology. His Muhammad: His Come alive Based inveigle the Soonest Sources has been highly praised as description best story of depiction Prophet. Prohibited was besides the founder of very many articles affection the newfound Encyclopaedia disruption Islam, confiscate the crumb on Mysticism in rendering latest rampage of representation Encyclopaedia Britannica and participated in a number of I